McManners, chs. 4, 12-15 Note that as with the last quiz, the essay will be drawn from the book. However, since there is more reading this time, I will give you three to choose from rather than just two.
Post-reformation
Witchcraft and witch trials
Maleus Malificarum (1486)
Witches sabbat
High percentage of women accused
Problem of historical verifiability
Modern theories
No real witches
Witch 'practices' may grow out of accusations made against Cathari
Witches represent maintainers of ancestral religion:
Horned god worship (Murray)
Goddess worship (Gimbutas)
Christianity in Latin America
Pre-Christian
Mayans, Incas, Aztecs
Leadership shamanistic
Deities astronomic & related to cyclical movements of heavens
May have had a monotheistic source
No clear separation between civil & religious life
Gods depended on sacrifice (esp. human) for survival
Life after death mirrored present existence
After colonization
Roman Catholic Church is unifying organization
Clergy held government positions and served as bankers
Usually combined new (Catholic) religion with existing culture
Aztec
Conquest destroyed core of tradition
Huitzilopochtli discredited because sun continued to work without sacrifice
1541 - Virgin of Guadalupe
Vision on site sacred to Aztec goddess may have created syncretistic bridge
9 million baptisms in 6 years
General blending of Aztec deities and Catholic saints
Mayans
Already in decline at time of conquests
Tendency to keep indigenous and Catholic religious traditions separate, but both observed
Incas
Central imperial cult and ancestor worship
Invaders destroyed mummies
Tended to blend Catholic and Incan traditions
Similar rites and festivals merged
Political issues
Creole vs. Peninsular
Latin America mostly independent of Spanish rule by 1825
Emiliano Zapata ( 1919)
Juan Domingo Perón ( 1974)
Eva Perón (Evita)
Modern
After Vatican reforms, more liberal view taken toward combined traditions
Increasing Protestant presence
Esp. Charismatic and Adventist
Protestants go both ways on indigenous culture
Christianity in Africa
Issue of missionary arrogance
Europeanization rather than Christianization
Dress codes
Square huts
Bigamy
John Colenso
Christianity in (East) Asia
Educational missionaries
Indian Renaissance
Christianity in the United States
Revivals
Conversion vs. Renewal revivals
Millennialism revisited
Enlightenment view
Teleism
Hegel
Novus ordo seclorum
Neo-apocalyptism
dispensationalism
Fundamentalism
The Fundamentals (1910) Milton & Lymon Stewart - 5 Tenets:
Inerrancy of Bible
Virgin birth of Jesus
Substitutionary atonement
Authenticity of miracles
Resurrection and physical return of Christ
Secondary characteristics
No dancing
No theatre
No revealing clothing
No alcohol
No interracial dating (Bob Jones U.)
In contrast to evangelicalism
Issue of mixing politics and religion
Jerry Falwell
Randall Terry
Term used generically as a phenomenon of other religions as well
Evangelicals
Born again
Emotional experience of conversion
"Great commission"
Jesus as the only bridge to God across the gulf of sin
Usually:
Biblically, socially & politically conservative
Except in African American groups when they are generally politically left
Emergence of new ecumenicism & denominationalism
Evangelical vs. Liberal
Charismatics and Pentecostals
Baptism in the Holy Spirit
Gifts of the Spirit
Glossalalia (speaking in tongues)
Prophecy
Interpretation of tongues
Healing
Personal faith/experience over works
History
Originates out of holiness movement & Fundamentalism (& ultimately from Methodism)
Azusa Street revival (1906)
Oneness movement (monist controversy)
Charismatics
Full Gospel movement
"Pentecostal experience" in mainstream denominations
Later formed own churches